One cornerstone of the wartime campaign against Armenians in the Ottoman Empire was the confiscation of their properties and wealth, which were subsequently transferred to Muslim elites and used in reshaping the domestic economy as well as covering wartime expenses.
This talk provides a biography of Vartouhie Calantar-Nalbandian and analyze her prison memoirs. It will also briefly discuss her partnership with husband Zaven Nalbandian in taking up the “Zarevand” penname in the mid-1920s in the U.S. for the writing of the book United and Inde-pendent Turania (Միացեալ, Անկախ Թուրանիա).